TRANSFORMERS AND POWER SUPPLIES
Transformer: Transformer is used to step down the AC supply voltage (220 V AC, 50 Hz) as per the requirement of the solid state electronic devices.
Basic power supply
Rectifier
Rectifier is a device which converts the sinusoidal AC voltage into either positive or negative pulsating DC. Rectifier output contains unwanted AC components called as ripples. Diodes rectify the signal.
Filter
Filter is a device which passes DC components and blocks AC components of the rectifier output. Resistor, capacitor and inductor (passive components) are used for this purpose.
Regulator
Regulator or stabilizer is a device that is used to maintain a constant DC output voltage. Zener diode is used as regulator.