Mughal Emperors

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Mughal Emperors

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The Mughal emperors, from the early 16th century to the early 18th century, built and ruled the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Mughals were a branch of the Timurid dynasty of Turco-Mongol origin from Central Asia.

The Mughals lived and reigned in India from 1526 to 1858 AD. Their dynasty was the greatest, richest and longest-lasting Muslim dynasty to rule India. This dynasty produced the finest and most elegant arts and architecture in the history of Muslim dynasties.

Babur Interest in literature, art, music and gardening. Jahangir Mughal painting reached a high level of elegance and richness during his reign.

Majesty king & Reign Year:

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Administrative Reforms:

Akbar combated those trends by instituting comprehensive reforms that involved two fundamental changes.

  • First, every officer was, at least in principle, appointed and promoted by the emperor instead of by his immediate superior.
  • Second, the traditional distinction between the nobility of the sword and that of the pen was abolished:
  • civil administrators were assigned military ranks, thus becoming as dependent on the emperor as army officers.

  • Achieve: During his reign, the Mughal Empire extended to most of the Indian subcontinent, stretching from the Himalayas in the north to the Vindhyas in the south and Hindukush in the north-west to Brahmaputra River in the east.
  • He annulled the special tax payable by Hindus for making pilgrimages in 1563 and completely abolished the jizya, or the annual tax, paid by non-Muslims in 1564, thus earning respect from his subjects.
  • In 1569, he established a new capital west of Agra to celebrate his victory over Chittorgarh and Ranthambore, which was named Fatehpur Sikri (‘City of Victory’)
  • During Aurangzeb’s reign many Indians converted to Islam.

In Aurangazep Administration: 

  • When it comes to the administration of the empire, Aurangzeb was one of the best among the dynasty. The Mughal Empire was at its pinnacle of power under Aurangzeb and under its greatest length.
  • The textile industry in the Mughal Empire emerged very firmly during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb and was particularly well noted by Francois Bernier, a French physician of the Mughal Emperor.

Cultures & Battles:

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Construction:

  • Other constructions are the Red Fort also called the Delhi Fort or Lal Qila in Urdu, large sections of Agra Fort, the Jama Masjid, the Wazir Khan Mosque, the Moti Masjid, the Shalimar Gardens, sections of the Lahore Fort, the Mahabat Khan Mosque in Peshawar, the Jahangir mausoleum—his father’s tomb, the construction of which was overseen by his stepmother Nur Jahan and the Shahjahan Mosque

The Last Mughal Dynasty:

he last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II, also known as Zafar, died in a British prison in Burma in 1862. As the last of the dynastic line that extended back to the sixteenth century, he had in his earlier years presided over a culturally sophisticated court, but as the British East India Company extended its control over more of India, his rule was clearly coming to an end.

 

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