Laser and Fibre Optics – Study Material

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Laser and Fibre Optics- Study Material

LASER is acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Similarly Maser is acronym for Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. In the laser, the maser principle has been extended to optical or frequencies of 1014 to 1015 Hz and is therefore termed as optical maser.

Laser and Fibre Optics- Study Material

Synopsis

  • Laser principle
  • Einstein’s quantum theory of radiation
  • Different kinds of lasers
  • Photometry
  • Optical fibers and their applications

Laser principle:

Population of atoms in higher energy level as compared to lowest energy level is increased by pumping the matter by photons of appropriate energy. Thus atoms are excited to higher energy states.

Einstein’s quantum theory of radiation:

We are very familiar with the Planck’s quantum theory on black body radiation. Einstein’s theory of absorption and emission of light by an atom is based on Planck’s theory of radiation.

Different kinds of lasers:

  1. Solid state lasers
  2. Gas lasers
  3. Liquid lasers
  4. Dye lasers
  5. Semiconductor lasers

Photometry:

Photometry is a branch of optics which deals with the measurement of the brightness of sources of light by comparing with a standard source of light. The instruments used for this purpose are called photometers

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