Important events July – 28

2019-07-28

Birth Anniversary of Robert Hooke

Robert Hooke was born on 28 July 1635 in England, His father was a priest in the Church of England.
Robert Hooke suffered from ill health as a child and was tutored at home by his father.
As a boy he became fascinated by mechanical devices and drawing and taught himself to draw.
He studies at the Westminster School in London where he quickly learned Greek, Latin and mathematics.
His professor, Dr. Richard Busby, offered extra educational opportunities to a group of promising pupils which included Hooke.
In 1653 he entered Christ Church, Oxford and secured a position as a chemical assistant.
From 1655 to 1662 he was a laboratory assistant to Robert Boyle.
In 1660 the Royal Society was founded and Hooke presented a paper reporting that water rose in slender tubes due to capillary action.
In 1660 he discovered the law of elasticity which describes the variation of tension with extension in a spring.
He invented b which greatly increased the accuracy of watches.
On November 5, 1661 it was proposed that the Society establish a Curator of Experiments position and Hooke was elected.
In 1664 Sir John Cutler created an annuity of fifty pounds to be used for the founding of a Mechanick Lecture and Hooke received the appointment.
In 1664 he became Professor of Geometry at Gresham College.
Hooke’s experiments on the nature of air and on barometric pressure at different altitudes were demonstrated to the Royal Society.
Hooke invented instruments to measure the strength of gunpowder and to cut gears for watches which were much more precise than could be made by hand.
In 1665 he published Micrographia which was a collection of his microscopy observations.
In his lecture “On Gravity” he stated that all bodies move in straight lines until deflected by a force.
Hooke made many contributions to timekeeping devices and introduced the pendulum as clock regulator and proposed that a precise clock could be used to find longitude at sea.

Events:

1914 – World War I Begins
1942 – World War II: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin issues Order No. 227. In response to alarming German advances, all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions without orders to do so are to be tried in a military court, with punishment ranging from duty in a shtrafbat battalion, imprisonment in a Gulag, or execution.
1943 – World War II: Operation Gomorrah: The Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg, Germany causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians.

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